Information–Energy

Relational Ontology

By JD Bock

Published: March 19, 2026

Peruse at your own peril.

Contents

Overview

This thesis explores the idea that reality is fundamentally relational, rather than made of isolated things. It argues that what we observe as matter and energy are expressions of deeper patterns of structure and change. By tracing the progression from physical laws to information and dynamics, it proposes that relationships themselves form the most fundamental layer of reality. This framework sits at the intersection of physics and philosophy, aiming to explain not just how the universe behaves, but what it is at its core.

Information - Energy Relational Ontology

Reality as a Relational System

Structure, Dynamics, and Emergence

The observable universe presents itself as ordered rather than chaotic.
Physical systems behave with remarkable regularity.
Patterns recur across radically different scales.
The same mathematical structures appear in planetary motion, electromagnetism, wave mechanics, thermodynamics, and quantum theory.

Modern physics is built on the assumption that these regularities are not accidental, but reflect stable underlying constraints - what we call the laws of physics¹.

This starting point matters because it shifts the discussion away from a purely material picture of reality.
The success of physics has never come from treating the world as a loose pile of disconnected objects.
It comes from discovering lawful relationships, invariances, symmetries, and transformation rules.

At minimum, this suggests that reality is intelligible because it is structured.
The deeper question is what that structure actually is, and whether what we call “things” are primary, or only expressions of something more fundamental¹.

Modern physics already points away from the naive view that reality is fundamentally made of solid objects.

Quantum field theory, the central framework of particle physics, treats fields as basic and particles as excitations or disturbances of those fields².
Photons arise from quantizing the electromagnetic field, and electrons are understood as excitations of an underlying electron field².

This move is philosophically important.
If particles are not primary in the classical sense, then what we experience as “objects” may be better understood as persistent patterns of excitation within deeper systems.

Reality, in this view, looks less like a collection of things and more like a structured system of activity¹.

One of the most striking recurring features of that activity is oscillation.

Across physics, stable patterns often take wave-like or vibrational form:

  • sound is vibration in a medium

  • light is oscillation of electromagnetic fields

  • molecules exhibit vibrational modes

  • quantum systems are governed by wave-like behavior

These recurring patterns reflect mathematically stable solutions to constrained systems³.

Oscillation is not the ultimate foundation of reality.
It is a mode of behavior allowed by deeper constraints.

If reality is not fundamentally “things,” then what is fundamental?

A strong candidate is structure:

  • constraints

  • relationships between possible states

  • rules governing behavior

This aligns with the idea that reality may emerge from structured relationships rather than pre-existing objects.

John Archibald Wheeler’s “it from bit” proposal captures this intuition by suggesting that physical reality may arise from informational distinctions rather than material substance⁴.

From this perspective, information is not data stored in a system, but structured possibility itself.

Reality may therefore emerge from information - not the other way around.

However, structure alone is insufficient.

A purely static system of possibilities would never produce motion, interaction, or change.

For anything to occur, there must be:

  • change

  • interaction

  • evolution

This is what we describe as energy.

Energy governs motion, transformation, and interaction.

So we arrive at a dual framework:

  • Structure (information) → what is possible

  • Dynamics (energy) → what actually happens

Reality emerges from the interaction of both¹.

This raises a deeper question:

Are structure and energy truly separate?

Observation shows:

  • Information describes relationships between states

  • Energy describes changes between states

Both depend on relationships.

This suggests they may not be fundamental in themselves, but derived from something deeper.

We now arrive at the central claim:

Relationship is more fundamental than both structure and energy.

Nothing can be defined in isolation:

  • a particle has meaning only relative to other things

  • a rule applies only within a system

  • energy exists only as change between states

Thus:

  • Information = structured relationships

  • Energy = changing relationships

This aligns with relational interpretations of physics, where properties exist only through interaction⁵.

If relationships are fundamental, then:

  • objects are stable patterns of relationships

  • fields are networks of relationships

  • spacetime itself may emerge from relational structure

Modern theoretical work suggests that spacetime geometry may arise from deeper entanglement relationships in quantum systems⁶.

This supports the idea that reality is not built from independent objects, but from structured interdependence.

Physics already reveals deep connections between information and energy.

Landauer’s principle shows that erasing information has a measurable energy cost⁷.

This demonstrates that information is not merely abstract—it has physical consequences.

The boundary between “information” and “physical process” is therefore not absolute.

A relational framework unifies both:

  • stable relationships (information)

  • changing relationships (energy)

Physics can describe:

  • the structure of relationships

  • the dynamics of relationships

  • how patterns emerge

But it cannot explain:

  • why these relationships exist

  • why these laws hold

  • why there is something rather than nothing

These are boundary questions that move beyond physics into philosophy¹.

Final Position

The deepest layer of reality is not:

  • matter

  • energy

  • or even information

It is:

relationship

From this:

  • information emerges as structured relationships

  • energy emerges as changing relationships

  • physical reality emerges as stable patterns within those relationships

Open Question

Why do these relationships exist at all, and why these specific ones?

This marks the boundary between:

  • physics

  • philosophy

  • and potentially theology

References & Further Reading

¹ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Quantum Field Theory
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/

² David Tong - What is Quantum Field Theory?
https://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/tong/whatisqft.html

³ Molecular Vibration Theory Overview
https://www.spectroscopyonline.com/view/the-big-review-iii-molecular-vibration-theory

⁴ John Archibald Wheeler - “It from Bit” (Information-Based Physics)
https://arxiv.org/abs/1306.0545

⁵ Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Relational Quantum Mechanics
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-relational/

⁶ Mark Van Raamsdonk - Building Spacetime from Entanglement
https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.00026

⁷ Landauer’s Principle and Information Thermodynamics
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42254-021-00400-8

TL;DR

Thesis: Reality as a Relational System - Structure, Dynamics, and Emergence


1. The Starting Observation: Order in Reality

The observable universe exhibits consistent order.

Physical systems behave predictably

Patterns repeat across scales

Laws of physics remain stable over time

This suggests that reality is not random, but governed by underlying constraints.

These constraints are what we call the laws of physics.

2. The Nature of Physical Description

Modern physics does not describe reality primarily as “solid objects.”

Instead, it describes:

fields

probabilities

interactions

patterns of behavior

What we perceive as particles are often better understood as:

excitations

localized patterns within fields

This leads to an important shift:

reality is not fundamentally made of “things”

it is made of behaviors within a system

3. The Prevalence of Oscillation

Across many domains, similar mathematical patterns appear:

sound → vibration of air

light → oscillation of electromagnetic fields

atoms → vibrational modes

quantum systems → wave-like behavior

Oscillation is one of the most stable and recurring patterns in nature.

However, oscillation is not the foundation itself.

It is a mode of behavior allowed by deeper constraints.

4. From Matter to Structure

If reality is not fundamentally “things,” then what is fundamental?

A strong candidate is structure:

constraints

relationships between possible states

rules governing behavior

This aligns with the idea that:

information is not something inside reality

reality itself may emerge from structured relationships

So we arrive at:

Reality emerges from information (structure), not the other way around

5. The Role of Dynamics (Energy)

Structure alone is static.

For anything to occur, there must be:

change

interaction

evolution over time

This is what we describe as energy.

Energy governs:

motion

transitions

interactions

So we refine the model:

Structure (information) → what is possible

Dynamics (energy) → what actually happens

Reality emerges from the interaction of both.

6. The Deeper Question: Are Structure and Energy Separate?

At this point, a critical question arises:

Are structure and energy fundamentally distinct?

Or are they expressions of something deeper?

Observation:

Information describes relationships between states

Energy describes changes in those relationships

This suggests:

both may be derived from a more fundamental concept

7. The Fundamental Layer: Relationship

We arrive at a deeper abstraction:

Nothing can be defined without relationships.

A particle has meaning only relative to other things

A rule applies only within a system of relationships

Energy only exists as change between states

Therefore:

Relationships are more fundamental than both structure and energy

From this:

Information = patterns of relationships

Energy = transformation of relationships

8. Emergence of Reality

If relationships are fundamental, then:

objects are stable patterns of relationships

fields are networks of relationships

spacetime itself may emerge from relational structure

Thus:

reality is not made of independent things

it is made of interconnected relational patterns

9. The Boundary of Physics

Physics can describe:

the structure of relationships

the dynamics of those relationships

how patterns emerge

But it cannot answer:

why these relationships exist

why these constraints exist

why there is something rather than nothing

These questions move beyond physics into philosophy.

10. Final Position

The most fundamental layer of reality is not:

matter

energy

or even information

It is:

relationship

From this foundation:

Information emerges as structured relationships

Energy emerges as changing relationships

Physical reality emerges as stable patterns within those relationships

11. Open Question

Even at this deepest level, one question remains:

Why do these relationships exist at all, and why these specific ones?

This marks the boundary between:

physics

philosophy

and potentially theology

Final Summary

Reality exhibits consistent order → implies underlying constraints

Physics reveals patterns, not solid “things”

Oscillation is a common expression, not the foundation

Structure (information) defines possibilities

Energy (dynamics) drives change

Both reduce to relationships

Therefore:

Reality is fundamentally relational, and everything we observe emerges from the structure and transformation of relationships.

Where This Came From

This idea didn't come out of nowhere, and it didn't begin as an attempt to build a philosophical framework.

My interest in science, physics, philosophy, theology, and consciousness goes back decades.

It first started taking hold in 7th and 8th grade when I became fascinated with Albert Einstein.

That curiosity kept growing through books like A Brief History of Time and later Black Holes and Baby Universes by Stephen Hawking.

Then in 1994, after reading Michio Kaku’s Hyperspace, I got pulled into the rabbit hole of string theory, higher dimensions, and the deeper structure of reality.

I’ve loved following these kinds of questions ever since.

So while I don't have a PhD in physics or philosophy, this line of thinking is not new for me.

It has been a long-standing personal fascination that I’ve continued to revisit over the years.

The specific thesis on this page, however, began in a much simpler and more personal way.

It started while I was trying to explain magnetism to my daughter in a way that a seven-year-old could understand.

That forced me to simplify something complicated down to its most basic moving parts.

And in doing that, it triggered a deeper question:


what is actually happening at the most fundamental level of reality?

From there, the conversation expanded into physics.

We moved from magnetism into atoms, electrons, quarks, and the question of whether electrons are truly fundamental or whether something deeper may still underlie them.

That naturally led into string theory and the broader idea that mathematics has often described aspects of reality long before we had the experimental tools to verify them.

That part has always intrigued me.

Throughout history, there have been multiple cases where the math pointed the way first, and confirmation came much later.

At the same time, I was bringing in beliefs I have held for a long time about God, creation, and the nature of reality.

I have long believed that reality operates according to consistent rules, and that those rules are not random.

The biblical idea that God spoke creation into existence has also always stood out to me.

Not in a simplistic sound-wave sense, but in the sense of ordered expression, patterned causation, and reality emerging from something more fundamental than matter alone.

That led me toward an early working assumption:


that reality could be understood in terms of information as the pre-existing rules, and energy as the dynamic activity that expresses those rules.

From there, the model started taking shape.

Information represented structure.

Energy represented oscillation, motion, waves, and dynamics.

I also assumed that if the source of reality is beyond time, then the rules governing reality must in some sense pre-exist time as well.

And if reality is expressed dynamically, then that expression would have to occur in a framework deeper than our directly observable world.

At that point, the question became more precise.

Are information and energy two separate and distinct components of reality?

Or are they two sides of the same coin?

That question turned out to be the turning point.

Because the more we pressed on it, the clearer it became that both concepts depend on something deeper.

Information describes relationships between states.

Energy describes changes between states.

Neither can stand alone in isolation.

Both require relationship.

That was the shift that pulled the whole thesis together.

Instead of treating information and energy as the deepest layer, it became more coherent to view them as expressions of something more fundamental:


relationship itself.

From there, the framework aligned much more cleanly.

Information could be understood as structured relationships.

Energy could be understood as changing relationships.

And physical reality could be understood as stable patterns emerging within those relationships.

So this thesis didn't come from me trying to step outside my lane.

It came from following a lifelong fascination with fundamental questions, then tracing one line of reasoning all the way through.

It started with Einstein, Hawking, Kaku, theology, and years of curiosity.

It sharpened through a simple attempt to explain magnetism to my daughter.

And it eventually developed into a relational view of reality by repeatedly asking:


what has to be true underneath all of this?

I don't present it as the final answer.

I present it as a coherent working model that emerged from curiosity, pattern recognition, theology, physics, philosophy, and sustained reflection over time.

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